dras knowledge

Thursday, May 29, 2003

The 'game' of healthcare payments

Most medical professional organizations will have tips for their members on how to fill out an insurance claim form. Anyone eligible to submit a HCFA claim form for any service can learn tricks to get better reimbursement, better ways to "code" the services they perform. This may be one of the biggest problems with U.S. health care. It is played like a game with no clear rules where every player will feel the loser at the expense of another player. Even the most noble practitioners will feel they must stretch codes on claims just to maintain a viable practice because payors have had to reduce reimbursement due to rampant "up-coding" on claims. Despite what can be seen as the most sincere, and at the same time, the most devious attempts to "make it right," it will never be fair.

If one's entire task in practicing medicine (or chiropractic) is to get paid more for doing less, the means is available.

How do payors likely respond to the "you should be billing 4 modalities on every claim" advice? They can try and "bundle" modalities and suggest one is inclusive or redundant to the other, they may even have expert medical opinion to justify the action. This option may not work much anymore - just ask United, Aetna, and half the Blues.

Payors can scrutinize claims histories and single out practitioners that always bill 4 modalities on every patient. This is costly, but it often works. But, it's very difficult to prove anything when fraudulent claims are accompanied by fraudulent patient records.

Another option is to further limit the benefit from 4 modalities to only cover 3, or 2. The patient will lose most by maybe not getting care they need. Practitioners then feel they can't perform useful services because they're not paid. Payors then become at risk for the creation of state or federal legislation that limits restricted coverage.

Finally, the payor can reduce reimbursement so that paying 4 modalities becomes like paying 3, or 2. They'll justify the reduction by presenting plotted charts to show how over 2 years the average clinic visit was 2 modalities and now it averages 4. The "good" practitioners are penalized and are essentially forced to join the "always bill 4" ranks. Practitioners can then possibly respond by billing additional codes and services that don't fall under the 4-modality limit, thus turning the "game" back over to the payors.

Tuesday, May 27, 2003

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, more than you ever wanted to know

I recommend a full work-up in a sleep lab. That's where a technician hooks you up to some EEG, oximetry, and cardiac monitors and records any apnea "live." Even though there are machines that can do much automatically via recordings at home, it can't always rule out narcolepsy and other sleep problems besides obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Testing can be done all in one night. They need at least 2 hours of sleep monitoring to diagnose OSA, then they can hook you up to CPAP and use the rest of the night for monitoring pressures and deciding just how much pressure you may need to keep the airway open. Most tolerate the test okay, not too intimidating. They may draw blood (blood gas) to rule out other pulmonary diagnosis and validate oximetry readings. Sometimes they have you come back a second night for the "CPAP titration" test rather than doing it all in one night.

Hopefully, a full work-up in a sleep lab will reveal that CPAP will do the trick. Compliance with the home equipment is half the battle in treating OSA. Those that are most symptomatic (daytime sleepiness etc) and who have a more severe nocturnal obstruction seem to have the easiest time at compliance. Probably because they often instantly notice how much better they sleep and how much better they feel during the day.

Sorry, you'll likely need to shave the mustache and beard right off. Masks have a terrible time making a seal through facial hair. In the U.S., Respironics is the big brand name. But there are many, and all are very comparable. Newer generation equipment automatically adjusts pressures throughout the night. Newer models also do without the "soggy" humidifiers and are fairly quiet. You do have to get used to a nose mask attached to your face with 1" corrugated tubing leading off the bed. There are gel masks and bubble masks you can try if standard masks are too uncomfortable.

I'd suggest trying CPAP (if ordered) each night for several nights before giving up, and keep in touch with the equipment vendor and your Pulmonary specialist on how you and the equipment are doing. You may also have supplemental oxygen ordered to be bled into the CPAP circuit at night.

OSA can lead to CHF and a myriad of down-the-road health conditions, so it's best to do what you can to resolve it. I suggest to stay away from sprays or pills, there's not much in scientific studies showing they work. Dental appliances are an option only when suggested by the Pulmonary specialist and only when fabricated by a specialist qualified to fit appliances to treat OSA. BreathRight strips don't work in treating OSA, but some specialists may give them a try on very mild (snoring) cases.

Most non-surgeons agree that UPPP has its place in treating OSA, but CPAP is the first and best consideration. At best, UPPP seems to work for only a few years. At worst, it corrects the snoring and the patient remains with untreated apnea events during sleep. Somnoplasty is a relatively new alternative and uses a radiofrequency wand to ablate tissue of the soft palate and base of the tongue. It's done in stages, outpatient. If I had a choice between it and surgical UPPP, I would choose the RF, but it will likely not work any better than UPPP.

In the U.S., testing alone will be from $800 to over $2,000. I just put CPAP into a google search and after a few seconds concluded you will be able to sort out the different makes and models of equipment as well as I. Medicare (DMERC) sets the industry price tags on medical equipment. CPAP = HCPCS E0601 reimbursed at around $850; and, bi-level = HCPCS K0532 reimbursed at about $1,700. Auto-adjusting CPAP does not have a separate HCPCS code, or separate reimbursement (yet.) Some wholesale vendors are able to provide auto-CPAP machines for about the Medicare allowable for regular CPAP. The laws of economics don't apply thanks to Medicare price fixing. If you are out-of-pocket buying equipment, you may be able to acquire it at about half the retail - or a pretty good CPAP machine for around $400. Supplemental oxygen is between $150 and $300 per month.

Subtle "complimentary care" enters mainstream hospitals

Even though we can be skeptical of "complimentary" interventions in health care, I remember the day in the 1980's when a Newborn ICU was bright lit, bustling, and very noisy with alarms and chatter 24-7. Now they are dim, quiet, with silent alarms, and almost cozy. No one had to publish a NEJM article demonstrating the positive effects on health outcomes these changes would make. Like most of the virtuous aspects of "complimentary care" this is better defined as "common sense."

OSA CPAP RF UPPP

There are support sites on-line, I know Sleepnet.com is non-commercial and has a discussion forum. I 'm sure there are others. The scientific journal of the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) is archived on-line with free access and has several studies and articles on OSA published. www.chestjournal.org
Most non-surgeons agree that UPPP has its place in treating OSA, but CPAP is the first and best consideration. At best, UPPP seems to work for only a few years. At worst, it corrects the snoring and the patient remains with untreated apnea events during sleep. Somnoplasty is a relatively new alternative and uses a radiofrequency wand to ablate tissue of the soft palate and base of the tongue. It's done in stages, outpatient. If I had a choice between it and surgical UPPP, I would choose the RF, but it will likely not work any better than UPPP.
I just put CPAP into a google search and after a few seconds concluded you will be able to sort out the different makes and models as well as I. Medicare (DMERC) sets the industry price tags on medical equipment. CPAP = HCPCS E0601 reimbursed at around $850; and, bi-level = HCPCS K0532 reimbursed at about $1,700. Auto-adjusting CPAP does not have a separate HCPCS code, or separate reimbursement (yet.) Some wholesale vendors are able to provide auto-CPAP machines for about the Medicare allowable for regular CPAP. The laws of economics don't apply thanks to Medicare price fixing. If you are out-of-pocket buying equipment, you may be able to acquire it at about half the retail - or a pretty good CPAP machine for around $400.
Good luck.

Friday, May 16, 2003

Expensive rehab leg brace for chronic pain

Patellofemoral pain (chronic thigh-knee pain) can be difficult to treat, even when exact etiology is known. Braces can be cumbersome, or anatomically do not (can't) do what is intended (i.e., realign the patella with the femur and pelvis.) Clinicians often settle for pain alleviation therapy, NSAIDS, or maybe an occasional injection into the joint.
In 2002, the Cochrane Group said this about the efficacy of the Protonics device: "This limited research-based evidence showed the Protonics orthosis at six week follow-up was significantly more effective for decrease in pain, functional improvement and change in patellofemoral congruence angle when compared to no treatment."
Sounds pretty legit. I would surely try one if my thigh hurt despite other interventions, and before some other interventions.
To present the flip-side argument: Protonics is an exercise device, I'm not sure that you HAVE to have one, or can you get similar benefit from other means of exercise. Also, keep in mind clinical study comparisons were done versus NO TREATMENT. The bane of research for many new medical contraptions is that they often tend to prove "something is better than nothing."